Reincarnation,
in its essence, is a religious belief; with millions of people worldwide
believing in cyclic rebirths based on “transmigration” of the human soul from
one physical body to another. The dictionary meaning of the word reincarnation
is “Coming back in the flesh”. The
process of reincarnation allegedly continues until the soul reaches its full
maturity and perfection when it joins its source, God or the “Ultimate Soul”.
“For the soul there is neither
birth nor death. Nor, having once been, does he ever cease to be. He is unborn,
eternal, ever-existing, undying and primeval. He is not slain when the body is
slain” (Katha 1.2.18)
The roots of this
religious belief can be traced back to ancient Greek and Egyptian philosophy.
The Hindu and Buddhist teachings are also centered on this concept. The main
idea is the same except for minor variations, which is being the constant
evolution of the soul until it reaches a state when it can merge back into the
"Universal Soul". The ancient Egyptians believed that the dead person
returns back to this earth for another life as the same person he/she used to
be. Consequently, the pharaoh (king) was buried with all his treasure and
wealth intact so that he can claim them back upon his re-birth. The Hindu
version of reincarnation is slightly different, believing that a dead person
does not return as the same person, but as a completely different person with
the same soul. The idea here is not to go into the depth and details of the
various beliefs regarding the reincarnation theory, but to present a basic
perspective of the concept and its validity. Reincarnation, in fact, forms the essential foundation of
almost all the religions of the world.
“Naked I came from my
mother’s womb, and naked I shall return there” (Job 1:21)
“When Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of
his ancestor” (Hebrews 7:10)
“Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he
cannot see the kingdom of God” (John 3:3)
It is believed
that Christianity is opposed to the concept of reincarnation. In fact, this
attitude is a departure from the origins of Christianity. Nowhere in the Bible
is reincarnation denied, in fact it appears to be a concept that Jesus and his
followers took pretty much for granted. Jesus himself speaks of John the
Baptist as the return of Elias (Matthew
11:14, Matthew 17:11, Mark 9:11-13). It was during the
development of the Roman Catholic Church and its doctrines when the concept of
reincarnation lost favor in Christian tradition.
The first 300 years after Jesus’ death, there
were many variations of Christian doctrine as the new religion spread
throughout the Roman Empire. A number of sections developed, with some
believing in reincarnation and some not. These groups were frequently in
conflict. In an attempt to consolidate his crumbling Roman Empire, the Emperor
Constantine in 325 A.D. offered his official support to Christians if they
would settle their differences and establish a unified set of beliefs. The
resulting Council of Nicaea put together the foundation of the Roman Catholic
Church and established a new doctrine, from which reincarnation was omitted.
Christians were subsequently instructed to drop any belief that was not covered
in the doctrine.
However, the belief in reincarnation did not
disappear easily, and in fact persisted for centuries afterwards. In the early
13th century, the Pope launched a crusade against a Christian sect in Italy and
Southern France, which believed in reincarnation, wiping them out completely. This
was finally effective in forcing Christians to give up their belief in
reincarnation, at least publicly.
“Those
who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath, those of whom some He
transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped Evil; these are worse in rank, and far more astray from the
even Path" (Quran 5:63)
“We
are not to be frustrated from changing your Forms and creating you in that ye
know not” (Quran 56:60, 61)
“How
can ye reject the faith in Allah? seeing that ye were without life, and He gave
you life; then will He cause you to die, and will again bring you to life; and
again to Him will ye return” (Quran 2:28)
Islam is also believed to oppose concept of
rebirth. In fact, it is said to be the biggest critic of the theory of reincarnation.
Muslims firmly believe that there is just one life here and then it’s all over,
not getting any second chance to improve upon, being raised from the graves on
the Day of Judgment, with their hands, shoulders, face etc. giving the
testimony of their deeds.
“The
Prophet said: …I would love to be martyred in Allah's Cause and then get
resurrected and then get martyred, and then get resurrected again and then get
martyred and then get resurrected again and then get martyred…” (Bukhari 4:54)
Even Muhammad (The Prophet), who was a chosen one by Allah, and could
have never thought anything against Allah’s will, wished to get life again and
again, proving the concept of rebirth not being anti Islamic or against Allah’s
will. Prophet Muhammad believed in concept of rebirth. Quran contains many
verses of Muhammad, which unambiguously show that he believed in the concept of
rebirth.
In the current “scientific”
era, a lot of people are resistant to the idea of the existence of soul.
Some people think it is outright silly. However, the concept of
consciousness being able to detach from the body helps in explaining
phenomena like Near Death Experiences, Out-of-Body Experiences and even
reincarnation. In fact, the verification of cases of reincarnation is the
finest scientific evidence one can have for the existence of a soul. The
evidence for reincarnation is undeniable and cannot collectively be attributed
to chance or any other physical explanation. If reincarnation exists, the soul
has to exist.
One does not need any hard
proof in order to be justified in believing in something, because there are so
many good reasons that, when taken together cumulatively, provide a plausible
account for the same. This is known as “abductive reasoning” and is the
kind of reasoning we use most in our everyday lives.
Reincarnation is not a
thing that can be determined the same way a chemical reaction can. So the
solution left is to gather sufficient pieces of evidence, which provide a
stable proof and, in turn, can prove the existence of a soul.
A research was carried out
on 3,000 children in the last 40 years by Dr. Ian Stevenson, a former Professor
of Psychiatry. These children claimed to have memories and know people from
their alleged past lives. Facial recognition software confirmed a facial
resemblance to the alleged prior incarnation. Some had birth marks on places
where they allegedly suffered fatal wounds from in their past life, which
included dramatic and sometimes bizarre lesions, such as malformed digits or
missing limbs, misshapen heads, and odd markings. In cases in which a postmortem report was obtained, it confirmed the
correspondence between wounds and birthmarks.
Also, the memories the
children recalled were far too specific to be chalked up to chance, with the
specific details given by the children ranging from anything from the names,
personalities, and occupations of their former parents and siblings to the
precise layouts of the houses they lived in. Dr. Stevenson stated, “It was
possible in each case to find a family that had lost a member whose life
corresponded to the subject’s statements. The statements of the subject,
taken as a group, were sufficiently specific so that they could not have
corresponded to the life of any other person. We believe we have excluded normal transmission of the correct
information to the subjects and that they obtained the correct information
they showed about the concerned deceased person by some paranormal
process.”
Another fact that was found
interesting was the behavior of the children, regarding the phobias they showed,
usually related to the mode of death from the life they claimed to
remember. What seemed to be more than mere chance they were also able to
accurately identify former acquaintances and relationships they had with people
in their prior lives.
It is just a fraction of
all evidence that exists for reincarnation. There can be only one explanation
that can hold all these facts. This cannot be a mere coincidence that so
many people claim to have been other people, knowing the specific names and
interpersonal relationships of the person they recall being, having similar behaviour and personalities as the
people they claimed to be, having birthmarks and abnormalities where they
claimed to have suffered wounds in their past lives, and having specific
phobias linked back to alleged past life traumas. The accounts are far too
precise to be chalked up as chance, and all explanations, other than
reincarnation, are impoverished in trying to explain them.
Reincarnation can no longer
be looked at as something pseudoscientific, and neither can the soul.
There has to be a non-physical part of us that contains memories that
leaves our body and then enters into a new body.
In fact, a hypothesis has
gotten serious attention in the mainstream scientific community. It states that
at the time of death,
quantum substances, forming the soul leave the nervous system and enter the
universe at large. According to this idea, consciousness is a program for a
quantum computer in the brain which can persist in the universe even after
death. It suggests that the essence of soul is contained inside structures
called microtubules within brain cells, and that the experience of
consciousness is the result of quantum effects in these microtubules. Thus it
can be said that the soul is more than the interaction of neurons in the brain,
and are, in fact, constructed from the very fabric of the universe, and may
have existed since the beginning of time.
“This Self is never born nor does it ever perish; nor having
come into existence will it again cease to be. It is birthless, eternal, imperishable,
timeless and is never destroyed when the body is destroyed” (Bhagwad Gita 2:20)
The
concept is similar to the Buddhist and Hindu belief that consciousness is an
integral part of the universe. At the time of death, the microtubules lose
their quantum state, but the information within them is not destroyed. Instead
it merely leaves the body and returns to the cosmos. If the person is revived,
this quantum information can go back into the microtubules and the patient has
a Near Death Experience. If he is not revived, and the patient dies, this
quantum information exists outside the body, perhaps indefinitely, as a soul.
Above
findings suggest that a part of the mind, which can be called the soul, is
immortal and exists outside of space and time.
The hope of another life can
give people courage to meet their own death, and to bear with the death of the
loved ones. One can be twice as prepared if equipped with faith, which is backed by science.